Refactoring

Addressing smells incrementally as they are recognized is far less costly than allowing them to accumulate. Moving lazy-class methods to the right existing class removes an unnecessary wrapper. Moving behavior into the data class makes behavior easier to find and maintain. Small, single-purpose functions reduce the need for inline comments explaining sub-steps. A class should be split when the split reduces cognitive load rather than merely satisfying a rule. Refactoring progress should be measured through discrete improvements such as extracted methods and removed dependencies. A refactored top-level method should act as a high-level orchestrator that delegates smaller tasks. Complex extracted responsibilities should be moved into dedicated classes. Single Responsibility Principle can be applied by moving code into new focused classes. A null stand-in object can reduce conditional noise by implementing the same interface while doing nothing. Code should not be written as if its initial structure must be permanent. Version control makes later refactoring safer and reversible. The recommended fix is to move behavior back into the class that owns the data. Minimal logic in a lazy cl…