Modular Error Handling

Modern software architectures are inherently modular, which makes specific error handling easier and more impactful. A module responsible for database interaction can implement a general error-handling function covering all database-related failure modes, so any future error from that module surfaces with enough context for the right person to act without necessarily escalating to a developer. Specific exception handling should be implemented within each module so that the category and context of failures are preserved, not flattened.