Atomic Operations

AtomicInteger increment operations avoid corrupted intermediate states under concurrent access. The term 'atomic' in computing derives from the original meaning of 'atom' as something indivisible. An atomic operation completes as an indivisible unit — it either executes fully or not at all, with no intermediate state visible to other threads. An atomic operation cannot be partially completed, paused, or interfered with by another process or thread while running. If conditions for an atomic operation are not met, the operation does not proceed rather than producing a partial or corrupted result. An atomic operation is a unit of computation that executes completely and without interruption from start to finish. Atomic operations require no locking because they are guaranteed by the hardware or runtime to be non-interruptible. Once an atomic operation begins, nothing can insert itself in the middle of it. An atomic operation guarantees that the entire operation either completes as a single uninterruptible unit or does not happen at all. Java's main toolbox for lock-free programming is the java.util.concurrent package. Atomic operations are suited for simple state changes such as incr…